Term Papers on Sexual Orientation in Jail/Prison of LGBT People

Though LGBT (Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) prisoners face challenges which other prisoners face, sexual orientation, prejudice and gender identity makes the challenges to be more difficult for them. Other human rights violations faced by LGBT persons include: physical and mental integrity rights, freedom of association and that of expression, laws that are discriminating and application of laws in a discriminatory manner (Forsyth et al, 2002). Though most of the unique challenges that LGBT prisoners face have not received extensive litigation, those that have already been litigated might receive a significant change, if the Supreme Court makes a decision that is relatively still. It becomes hard to make a prediction of the claims outcomes. The combination of the unpredictability, transphobia and homophobia may interfere with the decisions that juries and judges make, meaning that, when LGBT prisoners bring their claims in court, they face so many challenges (Kupers, 2010). This makes most of the LGBT prisoners to contact LGBT impact litigation organizations in order to find out whether the organization’s lawyers would have the willingness to take their case especially if one wants to introduce new theories that are related to gender identity or sexual orientation (Haggerty, 2007). Transgender is a term that is used to refer to a broad spectrum of individuals who have different identity or lived experiences different to that which is typically associated with the one which is assigned when one is born (NCTE, 2011). It includes masculine women, cross dressers, feminine men, and persons experiencing intersex conditions, pre, post and non-operative transgendered people and persons who live partly or fully as a particular gender as opposed to what was assigned to them when they were born. Gender identity is a term that is used to describe the type of gender that one identifies as, be it the one assigned at birth or not (Haggerty, 2007). Discrimination and violence by both the government authorities and civilians against LGBT, has remained in most parts of the world. The accountability of the violence is directed to the perpetrators by the states, thus creating climate full of impunity (Smith, 2006). This is a violation of international standards of human rights, which call for the state to protect all its citizens’ human rights (Library Information and Research Service, 2006). Recent years have recorded violence patterns that include physical assault and murder that was particularly targeted to the gay and the transgender people in several countries. In most of the cases, the police did not bother to investigate, were complicit, or even did not hold the responsible ones accountable for their deeds (Smith, 2006). A double challenge that includes abuse and discrimination is faced by lesbians as a result of their sexual orientation and gender. Research done on correctional facilities on sexual abuse, has a consistent documentation that both women and men who are transgender individuals, those with heterosexual orientations and those with intersex conditions, have a high vulnerability to sexual abuse (NCTE, 2011). An example is a research done on Midwestern prisons sexual coercion, which documented that, LGBT inmates were represented in a disproportional manner among sexually victimized inmates’ subgroup. The gay and bisexual men were 26 percent among the victimized men and the lesbian and bisexual women were 38 percent amongst the women. According to a research done by BJS (Bureau of Justice Statistics), sexual abuse vulnerability, is associated with certain characteristics which include gender identity and sexual orientation. The BJS youth in Juvenile facilities survey documented that in five non heterosexual youth, more than one reported of being sexually victimized by a facility staff or another youth. Almost a l ikelihood of ten times was reported by non-heterosexual youth as compared to heterosexual youth, of sexual abuse while in custody, by other youth (12.5% vs. 1.3%). County jails adult inmates in the same study confirmed that, being of another sexual orientation which is not heterosexual, made sexual orientation to increase significantly (Scribd, 2011). In other studies, transgender girls and women, show a high vulnerability to sexual abuse. This is more so when they are kept in the same facilities with boys and men. A study carried out in 2007 by Evidence Based Corrections of University of California showed that, among transgender inmates, sexual assault has more prevalence, with reports of sexual assault being 59%.   The study showed that, there was a higher likelihood of transgender victims than other victims to have experienced sexual assault on more than one occasion. The findings bring out the conclusion that, transgender people while compared to other populations which are relatively vulnerable, are perilously situated (Haggerty, 2007). This concern has led to the Correctional Health Care National Commission and the American Psychological Association to issue statements that recognize that there is a higher risk of transgender inmates to be abused and hence they should be protected. When LGBT people are sexually abused, their basic human rights are violated, the government’s obligation constitutionally to provide confinement conditions that are humane and safe is violated, and the successful transition likelihood of giving back into the community is impeded (Robinson, 2011).   If the commission’s standards are implemented, the safety of the people has a potential to be improved, this includes the LGBT people, who have an involvement in the justice system. In order to fight sexual abuse among LGBT, the officials of correctional facilities should ensure that, a zero tolerance approach to any kind of sexual abuse is observed as well as clear protocols are put in place in order for an occurrence of sexual abuse to be responded to effectively (Forsyth et al, 2002). These provisions can be of more importance to LGBT individuals who are more vulnerable to sexual abuse since any reports they make of being sexually abused are treated with minimum seriousn ess as compared to those of non LGBT inmates and an appropriate response is not given (Smith, 2006). Correctional officials should also appropriately coordinate with outside entities, in order to promote reporting of such cases, investigation and sexual abuse prosecution in their facilities. When employees, contractors, volunteers and inmates are trained and educated, they get the knowledge of preventing, detecting and responding to sexual abuse incidents (Robinson, 2011). A well crafted and comprehensive training is important when it comes to fostering people to understand better, correct the misconceptions related to LGBT persons and assist staff and inmates with the right strategies in order to improve the safety of LGBT (Library Information and Research Service, 2006).   When training the staff, effective and professional communication strategies with inmates are important. Correctional facilities should also ensure that, screening for sexual victimization and abuse risk, as well as residents’ assessment and placement is done. This is to make sure that each person’s particular victimization risk is known by the facilities, and that every inmate’s genital status, or gender identity or sexual orientation, does not make the person to be more subjected to conditions that are more punitive (Human Rights Watch Stern, 2008). Due to high vulnerability of sexual abuse to LGBT inmates, there should be a bisexual sexual orientation or gay inclusion and gender nonconformance for instance, intersex identity or transgender in the male inmates screening criteria for victimization risk in adult jails and prisons (Robinson, 2011). Since during screening some of the LGBT individuals may opt not to reveal their gender identity and sexual orientation, the inmates’ vulnerability self perception in the female and male inmates screening should be included. Another importance of sexual victimization and abuse risk screening and residents assessment and placement, is to prohibit vulnerable segregation of inmates except on temporary basis or only as a last resort, and also the equal access requirement to services and programs, cannot receive more emphasis (Resnik, 1982). The specific requirement in sexual victimization and abuse risk screening is that LGBT and other inmates who are gender nonconforming should not be placed in specific units, facilities or wings on the sole basis of genital status, sexual orientation or gender identity. This will help in prevention of LGBT inmates’ segregation (Congress, 1998). The LGBT involuntary segregation and that of other inmates who are gender nonconforming, denies them the access they need to services, programs and the ability of moving around the facility in a manner that they are supposed to, and thus this leads to punishment. It is harmful and unjust to punish people as a resul t of their vulnerable status; it makes the LGBT inmates to be more biased and also gives a discouragement in receiving honest responses during question screening (Smith, 2006). Another way that officials in correctional facilities can beat LGBT sexual abuse is by addressing the reporting and official response standards (Scribd, 2011). The reasons why inmates refuse to report cases of sexual abuse are; they won’t be taken seriously, they might not be kept confidential, and/ or they won’t result in positive consequences which are tangible (Human Rights Watch, 2010).   For LGBT individuals, the above concerns are truer as they are presumed wrongly, as sexual abuse instigators and as persons who do not deserve credit from the assault reports. Investigations and discipline standards should also be introduced in order to ensure that all abuse allegations that include reports by anonymous or third party are investigated fully and that there is proper handling of substantiated allegations in the criminal and administrative proceedings. Perpetrators who normally target to abuse LGBT inmates most of the time act with impunity (Miller et al, 2010).The provision of the discipline and investigations standards will make it able for LGBT inmates’ sexual abuse cases to be treated with seriousness as any other sexual abuse would be. In order to assist staff’ identify the victimization risk of an inmate, health care both medically and mentally should be given (Loue, 2008). Mental and medical health care also protects inmates from burdens and financial incentives which are not due through ensuring that they receive for free, emergency, mental and medical health care. These provisions also ensure that victims’ responsive services are in the same level as those offered in the community. They are also important as LGBT inmates may be more comfortable while they tell a medical or a mental staff about a certain abuse or an abuse fear and hence the basic care level should be accessible to sexual abuse survivors in the community (Loue, 2008). In order to improve prevention, detection, practices, response policies and training, agencies should collect information and review it not leaving behind the incident based and the aggregate information (Resnik, 1982). The standards of data collection and review, help agencies to identify victimization patterns, learn from problems which have occurred in the past and improve LGBT protections and other inmates who are vulnerable. Due to the high risk of sexual abuse to LGBT inmates, they need to be given more supervision that would make them feel more protected other than punished (Miller et al, 2010). This is by observing them continuously by both sight and sound. Supervision does not mean camera over reliance but the use of cost effective and appropriate technology on the feasibility assessment and plan basis that accounts for the financial limitations of an individual’s jurisdictions’. Using this flexible approach is different to using local expertise and analysis therefore it would impose fewer expenses on facilities (Messinger Morrow, 2006). According to the survey conducted by BJS, most sexual abuse is conducted by the opposite sex staff members showing the need of minimizing the contact that inmates have   physically with the opposite sex staff.   Instead of limiting the cross gender supervision in every area that the inmates perform bodily functions or undress, actual viewing of the opposite gender inmates should be prohibited only exceptional to emergencies or in circumstances that are unforeseen or extraordinary (Human Rights Watch, 2010). This is contrary to some corrections officials concerns, as the requirements require low cost solutions, which do not require additional hiring and which abide to the employment law. The BJS study showed that cross gender sexual abuse by the staff, was high in men’s facilities and so its important to put these basic measures in both the men’s and women’s institutions as well. To avoid viewing inmates as they conduct their bodily duties, opposite gender off icials should make announcements before they make an entrance to the dormitory area (Messinger Morrow, 2006). Towels can also be provided for the inmates so that while in the toileting and showering areas, basic privacy can be allowed without security compromise.   While conducting intrusive searches which demand physical contact or bodily exposure, limitation to areas that act as contraband potential contact points, should be done. Staff should not be allowed to carry out pat searches anywhere in the facility but they should be done at the right places as this will reduce contraband confiscation (Human Rights Watch Stern, 2008). When the cross gender basic limitations of viewing and searching are observed, the LGBT inmates and other inmates who are vulnerable are protected from sexual abuse by staff. Since the corrections culture is pervaded by transphobia and homophobia, it is good to conduct outside review (Kupers, 2010). This is vital in LGBT inmates and residents protection.   A sound oversight that is done by an independent entity that is qualified can identify the problems which are systemic at the same time offering solutions which are effective (Congress, 1998). When the oversight monitoring is done in a proper manner, a facility’s safety credible objective assessment can be provided; this is by problems identification which may be apparently ready to an independent monitor as compared to an official who works in the detention system. In case the systems do not meet the required standards, then they are held accountable; another advantage of having outside monitoring (Human Rights Watch, 2010). It is also important to have judicial oversight. In case the officials do fail the LGBT inmates’ protection from being sexually abused, the victims should be able t o access the judiciary without facing the procedural and unrealistic requirements barriers (Smith, 2006). Every individual whether LGBT or straight has his or her own human rights. The state should therefore look into these rights to avoid violation. References Congress. (1998). Congressional Record, V. 144, Pt. 13, July 31, 1998 to September 8, 1998. Washington D.C, DC: Government Printing Office. Forsyth, C. J., Evans, R. D., Foster, D. B. (2002). An Analysis of Inmate Explanations for Lesbian Relationships in Prison. Retrieved from http://www.yorku.ca/irjs/Archives/F20/F204.pdf on July 22. Haggerty, G. E. (2007). A companion to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer studies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Human Rights Watch (Organization)., Stern Jessica.(2008). These everyday humiliations: violence against lesbians, bisexual women, and transgender men in Kyrgyzstan. Washington D.C, DC: Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. (2010). World Report 2011: United States. Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/en/world-report-2011/united-states on July 22. Kupers, T. A. (2010). The Role of Misogyny and Homophobia in prison Sexual Abuse. 18 UCLA Women’s L. J. Vol.107. Library Information and Research Service. (2006). The Middle East, abstracts and index, Part 4. Northumberland, PA: Northumberland Press. Loue, S. (2008). Health issues confronting minority men who have sex with men. Columbus, GA: Springer.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Messinger, L., Morrow, D. F. (2006). Case studies on sexual orientation and gender expression in social work practice. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Miller, A. M., Rose man, M. J., Friedman, C. (2010). Sexual Health and Human Rights: United States Canada. Retrieved from http://www.ichrp.org/files/papers/178/140_Miller_Roseman_Friedman_uscan_2010.pdf on July 22. NCTE. (2011). Advancing Transgender Equality. Retrieved from http://transgenderequality.wordpress.com/   on July 22. Resnik, J. (1982). Women’s Prisons and Men’s Prisons. Should prisoners be classified by sex? Review of Policy Research. Volume 2, Issue 2, 246-252, November 1982. Robinson, R. K. (2011). Masculinity as Prison: Race, Sexual Identity and Incarceration. Retrieved from http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:eeM-s7ahzYIJ:www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/Liman_Workshop_Spring_2011_Syllabus_Updated_4_25_11.pdf+masculinity+as+prison:+racesexual+identity+and+incarceration+by+Russellhl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESiY7-3k2N7SPLClZdt0EytlGv-W8wvYtrmTAWHOlTnPJ6ZlEJdLSjX0RO9QlThQYEehgKhB9QxFZuf4c8nCBMfKyCVizUwnvfiQYofmcWzi-T5rSk9u81Y33ssS_Am4yKU7owrWsig=AHIEtbTyfu3TSHfCawKjPrCkTMPqGaBWvw on July 22. Scribd. (2011). National Standards To Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Prison Rape.  https://www.scribd.com/document/54225566/National-Standards-To-Prevent-Detect-and-Respond-to-Prison-Rape on July 22. Smith, B. V. (2006). Rethinking Prison Sex: Self Expression and Safety. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 15, p. 185.

The Gravitational Slingshot Essay - 1567 Words

The Gravitational Slingshot The gravitational slingshot is a way that scientists have truly harnessed the gravitational pull of a planet by using it to launch satellites and other useful projectiles towards their desired locations. This method was developed through the use of Newtons Laws of Gravity and Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion. When these ideas of gravity and the shape of a planets orbit were brought together piece by piece, this new theory changed how a projectile traveling through space could simply cross an orbital pattern, which would in turn change the path of the moving object. The change in the path accelerates the object at a higher rate and sends it speeding off in its proper direction. The gravitational†¦show more content†¦Kepler established the Laws of Planetary Motion. The first Law states that the orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. The second law states that a line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. And the final Law tells that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. Keplers Laws also come into play with the use of the gravitational slingshot, because Kepler believed that the orbit that a planet takes around another body follows an elliptical pattern, instead of traveling in a perfect circle. Of course each planet has a specific elliptical orbit, just as humans have different fingerprints to identify them. Before launching their equipment into space, each planet must have its pattern identified to ensure accurate results for the launch. This knowledge helps scientists identify where the ellipses are in relation to the paths of orbit so that they can launch satellites in the proper direct, at the proper time, with the proper velocity. Combining both of these sets of theories together has lead the way to the effect we know as the gravitational slingshot effect. Today, the gravity assist effect is used extremely often by NASA and the Air Force. It is the most fuel efficient, naturally occurring â€Å"booster† inShow MoreRelatedShort Story1289 Words   |  6 Pagesdata in Johnna’s density and gravitational force data from his space telescope. I did the calculation. It’s coming right towards us.† â€Å"What! How!?† â€Å"This object is denser and bigger that we thought and based on the calculations of Jupiter’s gravitational pull and the density of the object†¦.It is heading towards us.† â€Å"Shit!. 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This slingshot impact is even utilized by researchers to build the pace of satellites by having them just about slam into a major planet – utilizing the planet s gravitational draw. Does Size/Weight Matter When Striking a Ball It is normally imagined that the bigger or taller a soccer player is, the harder they will kick. This is most certainlyRead MoreMeteors8010 Words   |  33 Pagesa dense belt of such asteroids outside the orbit of the planet Mars, called the Asteroid Belt. Asteroids are huge in size and their lengths can number to kilometers! Once in a while, small pieces of rock or dust, come into range of Earths gravitational pull and fall on Earth as shooting stars. An asteroid dislodged from its trajectory and falling on Earth is also called a meteorite. However, an asteroid being huge in size, causes a cataclysmic explosion on Earth on impact. Origin Meteor andRead MoreMovie Review : Apollo 132667 Words   |  11 PagesMission Control was split on what to do. Some thought it would be best to turn around immediately, while others thought this was too risky because the engines were likely damages, and that they should instead go around the moon using the gravitational pull to slingshot the LEM to Earth. However, there were problems with this approach also, the LEM was built to land on the moon with two men inside it, not support three men for an extended period of time. It was eventually decided that the best route would

Gods Purpose for My Life free essay sample

To truly understand one’s purpose in life he must look at the talents God has given to him in a particular field of study and comprehend how that occupation can be used to the glorification of God. The collection of this information isn’t always easy and usually requires a myriad of â€Å"talks† with God in the form of daily Bible reading and prayer. I like to think God has given me a great mind for physiology and due to my interest in physiology and willingness to help those who need it I believe that God has called me to the medical profession. Much of my childhood I was exposed to natural medicines and I believe that God pre-ordained me to be placed in such an environment so I could use the information I’ve accumulated to get a head start and peak my interest in the field of medicine. We will write a custom essay sample on Gods Purpose for My Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In high school I worked at a natural alternative medicine store and it filled me joy every time I could recommend a product with no side effects to a sick customer. While working in that store it was amazing feeling to see how grateful people were to get a product that would relieve their ailments while not having to worry about any side effects. The way natural medicine is looked down on is the main problem with the medical profession, most medical professionals say that there is no real evidence that natural medicine is an effective form of treatment. I disagree and contend that considering God’s hatred of seeing his creatures suffer God would not have placed us on this world without a way to care for ourselves naturally. Since so much money and time goes into becoming certified in the medical profession the monetary income is very important as well. Although I enjoy helping people with their medical needs foremost I also volunteer for food drives and housing projects to help others with their physical needs, if a person could not land a job suited to help other people while making enough income to live off of a hobby in volunteering would suffice well enough. The idea of study or travelling abroad is very enticing to me because I have always been interested in and wanted to experience other cultures. Since the world is in such a state of despair it would be my greatest aspiration to become registered and take my medical practice to other countries where such treatment is not readily available all the while witnessing to the lost so that they might have the hope and peace that my Savior provides for me. To uproot from the American society and embrace a culture in which the people are incredibly thankful for what we see as the insignificant things. God has given me two incredible, and loving parents who are both grounded in natural medicine so it was easy for me pick up on and because my interest in medicine began. I have not totally figured out what profession in the medical field I desire whether doctor, dentist, or pharmacist but I know God will lead me on the right path if I leave it in his hands. Since I was young I have always been a taller and more muscular than most of my friends so I always thought I would have a physically demanding job because it is all I really knew up until high school. This is all just speculation on my part but I feel like that is where God is calling me, to be completely sure will require much more prayer and meditation. Whatever God’s plan for my life is I know I will be able to thrive in it with God’s help, and I will willingly accept.

Briefing Paper Marking Guide - Big Data

Introduction In this briefing paper, the ICT topic Big Data will be reviewed from literatures. Big data is the new IT buzzword that refers to the voluminous data processed in different business processes in different industries around us. There is explosive growth of the volume of structured and unstructured data in last decades. In the early days of implementation of information technology in different kind of organizations had implemented databases for working with data related to their business processes, but in last few years, emergence of social media and ecommerce have accelerated the growth of data outside organization and from individuals. For example, over social media like Facebook, people uploads and shares heavy volumes of images, texts, videos from different parts of the world at the same time their location details, machine details etc. are also being circulated. Analysis of these type of data reveals several interesting information about peoples lifestyles, choices etc. and busines ses are very interesting for these type of information. Working with these kind of data using typical database management software and information technologies is difficult. Big data and technologies have given rise of a new dimension in this case. It covers all technologies that helps to address the volume and complexities of these voluminous data. (Madden, 2012) In this briefing paper, it will discuss about the technology, current research and trends on big data in details. The Problem As, it has been already told that, processing of volumes of structured and unstructured data, using traditional database management systems or data processing systems were difficult. This was the problem that led to the invention of big data concept and related technologies. (Madden, 2012) There is common confusion around the term big data, that is, whether it refers to technology or volume of data. When vendors use the term big data they generally refers to the technologies like processes and tools that helps in working with volumes of data efficiently. So, the term encompasses any collection of complex and larger data set that is difficult to handle by typical database management or data processing applications. It also covers up the collection of tools to support processing of such data through different kind of operations like searching, curation, sharing, transfer, storage, visualization etc. (Zikopoulos, 2011) Bid Data: Characteristics There are some characteristics of a dataset that makes it a Big data data set. Those characteristics are, A. Volume Volume refers to the quantity of data, generated from a process or system. The potential and value of a dataset is directly proportional to its volume. This characteristic is the first criteria to classify a dataset as big data or not. Even this concept has been reflected on the term Big data itself. (Marz Warren, 2014) B. Velocity This characteristic is related to the rate of generation of data or how fast data is getting generated or processed to provide desired outcome. C. Variety Big data takes data from heterogeneous sources into consideration while processing the same. Variety in data sets helps to analyze it from different aspects and in deriving different outcomes. D. Veracity Veracity of data sets refers to the captured quality of those. Veracity of a dataset plays significant role in the accuracy of the outcomes from analysis of the data sets. (Zikopoulos, 2011) E. Variability Variability refers to the levels on inconsistencies present in the data and that show up any time during processing. This may be problematic for data analysts. F. Complexity Managing the processing of big data, is a complex process by itself. It becomes more complex when data comes from heterogeneous sources and larger in volume. These kind of data is needed to be interlinked, correlated and connected. Otherwise it is difficult to work on these data. Big Data: Technologies Computation power and storage for larger datasets are not a serious problem now a days. Advancement in electronics and digital technologies have made these solutions more efficient, easily available and cheaper. This has helped in emergence of big data. There is a paradigm shift from computer architecture to the mechanisms in data processing. There is a growing demand for data mining and analysis applications for big data. (Barlow, 2013) There are wide range of tools and technologies that supports the concept of big data and analysis, processing of the same. There are technologies like crowdsourcing, A/B testing, data fusion etc. along with machine learning, natural language processing, time series analysis, integration, simulation, genetic algorithms, signal processing, visualization etc. Tensors are the representative of multidimensional big data. Tensor based technologies and computation methods like multi- linear sub space learning helps in this case. Other than that there are database related technologies, parallel processing support, search based application, distributed file systems and databases, data mining, cloud computing etc. and Internet that supports big data revolution. There are big data analytics that processes the big data and helps in finding out different patters out of it. These patterns gives critical insights into data sets. Storage is an important issue for big data. A proposed solution is distributed and shared storage. Storage area network or SANs, Networked Area storage or NAS etc. come into these categories. However, big data practitioners are not quite interested in these solutions. There are RDBMS based storage solutions for big data that is capable of storing petabytes of data. (Madden, 2012) All these technologies supports big data in analysis of data from web, analysis of network monitoring logs, click stream analysis etc. There are data science applications like simulations for massive scale analysis of data, deployment of sensors etc. Parallel database systems like Vertica, Teradta, Greenplum etc. are powerful but expensive and hard to administer. There are lack of fault tolerance levels in case of longer queries. Hadoop is a popular big data technology accepted worldwide. (Roebuck, 2011) Big Data: Process There are number of phases in data processing in big data. Those are explained as, 1. Data Acquisition Big data takes data that are evolving from different industries and scientific researches, demographics, social media and ecommerce. However, all data is not equally important for a particular goal so after collecting data, it will be filtered. Data are collected from systems, social media and numerous sources. There can be operational or transactional data, structured and unstructured data. When it comes to big data them all types of data irrespective or format and type are collected. Later on these data are filtered and compressed before processing. The most challenging part of data acquisition is, filtering out the unnecessary data. It must be done in a way so that useful information dont get discarded. Data science deals with numerous issues that helps to define different filters to ensure, accuracy and relevancy of collected data. (Marz Warren, 2014) For streaming data from online sources, it is not always possible to store and process those data to filter those later on. Rather it needs an on the fly approach to work on such streamlines of data from web. There are online data analytics applications and systems that helps in filtering and collected data from online streaming data. Next big challenge in to create metadata from acquired data. This is not easy. Meta data should give details about the sources and structure of data. There are metadata acquisition systems that can automatically record metadata without any human intervention. However, there are lots of things to do with metadata after recording those correctly. There is a pipeline for analysis of big data. Metadata is required in every stage of the pipeline. Thus acquisition of data refers to the collection of technologies, tools and processes of collecting data, filtering it and recording metadata of data at the same time without storing and processing data every time. 2. Cleaning and Extraction of information Data analysis needs some level of uniformity of data. Thus, after acquiring data, it is needed to be cleaned and ready for processing. Data analysis will require data in correct formant otherwise the results of the analysis will not be accurate and effective. It needs an information extraction process that will bring out the required information from the piles of data from heterogeneous sources. Then it should present the extracted data in a structured form. The process is technically challenging. For example, there are data like images and videos. Extracting information from these formats of data and presenting the same in structured format are really hard. A common misconception is, big data always provides truth. This is not the case all the time. The truthfulness of big data and analysis depends on these extraction steps. It depends on how effectively truth is getting extracted from raw data. There are different constraints on valid data and error models that are well recognized. However, till now there are many domain of big data where these constraints are still not available. 3. Integration, Aggregation and Representation of Data It has been already discussed that data comes from different heterogeneous sources. Those are no structured and in right format even. It is not possible to acquire and clean data then store the same in data repositories. There are processes like integration, aggregation of those data and then representing those in the right format to sore and process in future. Data analysis is a complex process. For large scale data analysis it is needed to have effective analysis and the process should be automated. In data analysis process, different semantics and data structures are needed to be expressed in correct formats that are readable by computers and can be resolved by robots. Data integration is important and there are additional works for making the data error free using automated system. There are different alternative solutions for storing data other than databases. Each of these alternatives have its own advantages and disadvantages. Designing database or correct storage solution is needed to be done very carefully. There are many decision making tools to provide assistance in designing databases. 4. Processing of Query, data modeling and analysis of data Making query in traditional databases and processing of query in big data, are fundamentally different. Big data contain volumes of dynamic, interrelated, heterogeneous data. These forms larger networks of interrelated data. There are higher level of data redundancy. These redundancies can be explored through validation, crosschecking etc. There are inherent clusters and these clusters reveals relationships among collections of data. (Roebuck, 2011) Data mining is a related topic here. It required, cleaned, integrated, trustworthy, easily accessible and effective data that can help in declarative query through data mining interfaces and computing environments. Big data supports provisions of interactive data analysis in real time applications. Scaling of complex queries is also supported. However, there is a problem with analysis of big data. That is lack of co- ordination in the systems that stores data, support SQL queries and analytics for performing non-SQL data processing, for example statistical analysis, data mining etc. 5. Interpretation Obtaining only results from analysis is not enough. It needs to explain or provide enough explanatory details about those results so that someone can interpret the results from analysis. There are visualizations used in this case. (Marz Warren, 2014) Challenges in Big data There are number of challenges in big data. Some of those are already explained in related contexts. Still, most prevailing challenges are, Heterogeneous sources and nature of data. Incompleteness in data. Problem with effective cleaning and extraction of data. Scale and volume of data. Timeliness of data. Privacy of data. (ene Polonetsky, 2013) Human collaboration needed in certain phases and lack of it in some cases. Lack of suitable and effective system architecture for big data only. Conclusion In this briefing paper, there is a discussion on an emerging topic in ICT, called big data. After the introduction, there is the problem statement that had given rise to the concept of big data. In the sub sequent sections there are discussions on different characteristics, technology etc. related to big data, finally a detailed description of processes in processing of big data. In the end there is a summary of challenges in big data. References Barlow, M., 2013. Real-Time Big Data Analytics: Emerging Architecture. s.l.:O'Reilly Media, Inc.. Boyd, D. Crawford, K., 2011. Six Provocations for Big Data, s.l.: SSRN. ene, O. Polonetsky, J., 2013. Big Data for All: Privacy and User Control in the Age of Analytics. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property , XI(5). Leskovec, J., Rajaraman, A. Ullman, J. D., 2014. Mining of Massive Datasets. s.l.:Cambridge University Press. Madden, S., 2012. From Databases to Big Data. IEEE Computer Society, 16(3), pp. 4-6. Marz, N. Warren, J., 2014. Big Data: Principles and Best Practices of Scalable Realtime Data Systems. s.l.:Manning Publications Company. Roebuck, K., 2011. Storing and Managing Big Data - NoSQL, Hadoop and More: High-impact Strategies - What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors. s.l.:Emereo Pty Limited. Zikopoulos, P., 2011. Understanding Big Data: Analytics for Enterprise Class Hadoop and Streaming Data. s.l.:McGraw Hill Professional.

Stereotypes in the Movie Finding Forester Essay Example

Stereotypes in the Movie Finding Forester Essay Often times humans place a name on something or someone. This can be called judging someone, but it can also be called putting someone in a stereotype. For instance, many people that see a person walking down the street with dirty clothes and picking up cans would automatically be homeless. This could be one of the wealthiest people in that area for all anyone knows. Assuming someone is anything that they are not is stereotyping. The movie, Finding Forester uses all kinds of stereotypes from the characters that are in the movie. The main character Jamal gets stereotyped because he plays basketball and grew up in the Bronx, yet Jamal also uses stereotypes and judges others. Jamal has a rough time from being judged at his new school Mailor. Jamal was an intelligent student that made average grades so he could fit in with all of his friends, but on his test, his scores were so high that Mailor gave him a full scholarship to go to their school. Jamal had a paper that was due and he finished that night. It turned out great and Professor Crawford felt that the paper was too good for Jamal to write. Professor Crawford didnt believe in Jamal because he was a great basketball player, and he thought that was all he cared about. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes in the Movie Finding Forester specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes in the Movie Finding Forester specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes in the Movie Finding Forester specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Going to a city like the Bronx is known to be a dangerous environment to be around. The delivery man for William Forrester is dropping some things off for him because he does not get out the house anymore. Later, Jamal came up to him, and the delivery man immediately locks his doors thinking that Jamal was about to steal his car because he was a black man from the Bronx and he walking his way. Jamal, on the other hand, says â€Å" I’m not about to steal your car.† Little did he know Jamal feeds him with knowledge about his BMW. The delivery man also didn’t expect him to know anything about the car. Going to a new school can be very challenging, especially when people assume things about you. Assuming that you come f

ARGUING A POSITION Essays - Facebook, Social Networking Services

ARGUING A POSITION Essays - Facebook, Social Networking Services ARGUING A POSITION SOACIAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES My Position: Facebook Positive impacts and effects in society As the world develops, ways of communication has also changed. Many new technologies and ways has been introduced to communicate with people all over the world eve to the unknown. Social communication technologies can be defined as technologies used to communicate, convey and manipulate with friends, family, colleagues and people all around the planet with the help of electronical devices. Social communication technologies have been varied from e-mails, text messages, video chatting and later developed to social communication applications and websites like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and also includes any applications and services which helps to connect people anywhere in the world. Among all of these, nowadays, Facebook has greater impact among people around the world, especially youngsters. Facebook has expanded its domain all over the world with in few years of incorporation and now has a greater influence among all kinds of people irrespective of economical stability, development, color, caste and religion. As Facebook connects people all around the planet, irrespective of any dissimilarities, it has also the power to influence the society in positive way. World has witnessed to many movements which is started by various Facebook groups or forums. People in this generation are more concerned about the importance of conserving natural resources and use it sustainably, by saving for the future generations too. When we get introduced to various people across the world, we are started to learn more about their culture and practices among them and to respect every culture by knowing its importance which in turn leads to reduction in bullying and discrimination in name of nationality, culture, beliefs and so on. Regular and active involvement in Facebook and other social media helps to maintain social responsibility and to develop our own vies regarding various problems and issues faced by society in terms of gender discrimination, legality and neutrality of marriage between same gender, righ ts of transgender, issues between various countries, diplomatic steps to be taken and so on. Moreover, Facebook is also a platform to present the views and opinions regarding a subject matter freely. The revolution which took place in the beginning of second decade of this century in Egypt and later dispersed to Syria and Libya to bring an end to autocratic rule prevailed there for many decades. This was a real example of free thinking youngsters, whose rage was transferred to great movement in the history of the world. Facebook also positively affects the economy of many countries in positive way. Apart from creating and providing vast employment opportunities, Facebook has also engaged in social responsible activities. Besides providing many jobs directly, it also opens door to many indirect jobs in the field of information technology and in many infrastructural facility development areas. There are many job opportunities opened in the field of marketing and advertisement making of products and services. Tax paid by corporates in the field of information technologies including Facebook provides indirect development of the lifestyle of people among the society which leads in improving living conditions. Besides, Facebook helps people to find out other people they know their superiors, subordinates, old friends and to maintain contact with them and to control functions in the company and to take important decisions without physically present in meeting but by creating and texting to group created by including various members who are directly connected with the project. Facebook also spread its hands of help while when the world faced serious disasters. For an instance many people donated through Facebook when Japan faced earthquake in the beginning of this decade and to people starved in many countries. At the same time many people marked their status as safe during a flood, which helped the rescue team to know their location and to provide them enough help as soon as possible. Facebook had a great impact during the political elections among two largest democracies in the world and in taking legal elections. Facebook had used widely among the US Presidential by Obama in 2012 and in Indian Parliament election in 2014. Government made important decisions by surveying the opinion of many people and by analysing vies of people in Facebook. Many legal decisions

Organizational Behavior and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Behavior and Leadership - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  the manager of that organization must be able to recognize the unique perspective of the new employee in order to manage a better working relationship with that employee. This understanding of employee behaviors in order to improve organizational effectiveness is known as organizational behavior.  Management of the company needs to be fully aware of the basic goals and objectives of the company in order to implement the principles behind any organizational behavior. Some of the main objectives for the application of principles include understanding the employees’ nature, understanding the organizational culture, developing effective leaders, developing good teams, and increasing the productivity.This paper highlights that  virtually all multinational organizations have different managers, which include marketing manager, accounts manager, human resource manager, and plant manager but hardly any organization has an organizational beha vior manager. The reason is that organizational behavior is not an area of responsibility or a business function; rather it is a perspective, which provides a set of information that managers of all departments need to carry out their job responsibilities in an effective way.  The study of organizational behavior provides insights into all job related activities to the managers. Managers can use the information in many ways to improve their efficiency. Understanding of organizational behavior helps mangers understand their own motives and behaviors in order to use them in various decision-making processes and workplace communications (Luthans 2002). Greenberg (2008) found that managers deals with many people within an organization for different purposes. â€Å"An understanding of attitudinal processes, individual differences, group dynamics, intergroup dynamics, organization culture, and power and political behavior can help managers handle such interactions more effectively† (Griffin & Moorhead 2010, p. 7). Organizations expect their employees to work in teams in order to increase organizational productivity and efficiency. Groups are always

Adapting leadership styles while organising commanies overseas Essay

Adapting leadership styles while organising commanies overseas - Essay Example (Koontz 1986:162). A managing director thus has an all-encompassing task of ensuring functionality of the organization through streamlined working of groups. The managing director must understand that while good people can make any organizational pattern work, it is essential that they know each other's role to work most effectively. (Koontz 1986:161). This essential aspect needs careful consideration when an organization is being established, in an alien environment particularly in relation to the style of leadership adopted by the managing director.There are numerous classifications of styles of leaderships given out by management thought leaders. When based on use of authority and decision-making these have been indicated as autocratic or that denoted by command authority of the leader with a benevolent authoritative being its softer version. Democratic, which has, participative and supportive as its sub types entails consulting subordinates and encouraging their participation in decisions. While a free rein style restricts a leaders role to that of aiding operations of followers. (Koontz 1986 : 400). Another study includes styles as charismatic, servant and quiet which are self-explanatory and in one form or the other follow the pattern denoted by Koontz. (Changing minds.org)

Individual reflective report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Individual reflective report - Essay Example During the discussion I will also use the theories that I had learnt while completing my degree at the university. The BSG online game or better known as the business strategy game online is a simulation game played by students as well as experts to enhance their business operating knowledge. It involved the accurate prediction of the stocks, taking up realistic decision and at the same time incurring profits for the virtual firm (Johnson Jr. and Stappenbeck et al., 2010). The Business Strategy Game is a no holds barred rivalry: organization against organization. Each one organizations group focused exertion opposite adversaries is essential to market victory. Your group is in as practical an organization and intense market setting as would be prudent and are dealing with all parts of the organizations operations. This MBA level on the web, PC-based certifiable reproduction has been utilized by in excess of 500 business schools in 25 nations and has had 500,000 players. It is a demonstrated testing ground for vital hypothesis in an experiential taking nature (Johnson Jr. and Stappenbeck et al., 2010). The positive issues while playing this game was it helped me gain knowledge practically and I could also apply my learning skills without the fear of losing in real time. It gave me the idea of what are the possible threats and how to overcome those while running your own business. Earlier I had the notion that once I have enough money to setup a company of my own, I will be hiring different people for different sections who will be running them and reporting to me. My job would be to listen to them and give them targets that need to be achieved by their team. Once I started playing this game, I had a face a whole different reality all together. It was not just sitting and going through progress reports but I had to run the show. Without me taking up important steps it was becoming

An Overview of Tourettes Syndrome

An Overview of Tourettes Syndrome Tourettes syndrome When you think of Tourettes what comes to mind?   Tourettes is a common disorder which may start in early childhood. This condition is characterized by physical and verbal tics (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Tourettes syndrome, also known as TS, first presented itself when a man named Georges Gilles De La Tourette wrote a paper on nine people who exhibited in voluntary motor and vocal tics (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). Tourettes association in the study of this disorder led to it being named after him. Georges Giles was born in the small town of Saint Gervals Les Trois Clochers, he was a French neuropsychiatrist and an expert on epilepsy. Georges was known for crazy media coverage where there was an attempt on his life (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). He was shot in 1893 by Rose Kamper, a former patient of his who had made acquisitions of him of hypnotizing her against her will. He recovered from the gun shot, and his attacker was diagnosed with what is now called paranoid schi zophrenia. He is more famously known for publishing the first writings of people who had Tourettes, simply stating that these tics were random and uncontrollable (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). Many speculate but cause of Tourette syndrome is unknown but there is current research that points to abnormalities in the brain (Tourettes Syndrome). Evidence from twin and family studies proposes that TS is an inherited disorder (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Symptoms are typically noticed in early childhood between the ages of seven and ten. Genetically TS occurs in people from all ethnic groups and age groups, but males have a higher chance of being affected then females. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have a severe form of TS, and one in 100 display milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor or vocal tics (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Although the DSM-5 does not directly talk about TS, it does mention disorders that are linked to it. Various people can experience additional problems such as obsessive compulsive behavior, characterized by repetitive behaviors, such as hand washing or checking things repetitively and mental acts like praying, and counting (A merican Psychiatric Association ). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, described by difficulty concentrating and staying on task; learning disabilities, which include reading, writing and arithmetic difficulties; and even sleeping disorders (Tourettes Syndrome). TS is not a psychological disorder but more of a neuropsychiatric disorder; although they are linked together these disorders can come with Tourettes. But on the other hand not everyone with TS will have disorders other than their tics. What is TS you may ask? TS can be divided into two groups, motor tics, and vocal tics; and in those two groups you can have simple and complex motor or vocal tics. Simple motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Some of the more common simple motor tics include eye blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocal tics might include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups (Tourettes Syndrome). Complex motor tics might include facial grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug, sniffing or touching objects, hopping, jumping, bending, or twisting. Simple vocal tics may include throat-clearing, sniffing/snorting, grunting, or even barking. The most intense  Ã‚   tics includes motor movements that cause   self-harm such as punching themselves in the face or vocal tics including coprolalia and echolalia which are uttering swear words and repeating the words or phrases of others (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Some tics are led by an urge or sensation in the affected muscle group, or a need to complete a tic in a certain way or a certain number of times in order to relieve the urge (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). People with TS can sometimes suppress their tics for a short time, but the effort is similar to that of holding back a sneeze. Eventually tension mounts to the point where the tic escapes. Tics worsen in stressful situations; however, they improve when the person is relaxed or absorbed in an activity. In most cases, tics decrease markedly during sleep (Tourettes Syndrome). How can TS be counteracted? Currently, there is no brain test or laboratory test to convincingly prove someone has TS and when it comes to TS there is no cut in stone medication that will cure this disorder completely. Generally, TS is diagnosed by obtaining a description of the tics and evaluating family history and after verifying, the patient has to have had both motor and vocal tics for at least 1 year. Patients, families and physicians need to determine which set of symptoms is most disabling so that appropriate medications and therapies can be used (Tourettes Syndrome). If symptoms do not impair most patients and development proceeds normally then the majority of people with TS will require no medication. On the other hand, medications are available to help when symptoms interfere with functioning but unfortunately, there is no one medication that helps the same person with TS. Some patients who need medication to reduce the symptoms of their tics may be treated with neurolepti c drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide. These medications are usually given in very small doses that are increased slowly until the best possible balance between symptoms and side effects is achieved (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). The most common side effects of neuroleptics include sedation, weight gain, and cognitive dulling, tremors, dystonic reactions (twisting movements or postures), and parkinsonian-like symptoms. People with TS often live healthy, active lives however; Tourette syndrome frequently involves behavioral and social challenges that can harm your self-image. The biological perspective focuses on genetics and your biological processes influencing your behavior (Rathus ). As stated before TS can come with other disorders such as ADHD and Attention Deficit Disorder, and even Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). These disorders can make a person with TS behave differently such as; losing ones temper a lot, anger, difficulty paying attention and controlling impulsive behaviors (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Traditional behaviorist believed that the environment and also personal experiences influences a persons behavior (Rathus ). Stress can often make TS worse in the fact that it makes the tic more rapid (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet).   This can also be due to the persons environment.   This is how TS is related to psychology because it can explain the beh avior of someone with TS and how these disorders are linked together. References   American Psychiatric Association . Diagostic And Statastical Manual of Mental Disorders fith edition. DSM-5. Vol. 5. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 5 vols. 237. 1 december 2016. Georges Gilles de la Tourette. 2014. Soylent Communications. 18 October 2016. . Rathus , Spencer A. Psychology principles in practice . Austin, 2003. 4. Textbook. Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. Ed. Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 5 October 2005. 18 November 2016. . Tourettes Syndrome. Ed. Sussex Publishers. 1 july 2016. Sussex Publishers. 1 december 2016. . (Tourettes Syndrome) Georges Gilles de la Tourette. 2014. Soylent Communications. 18 October 2016. . Rathus , Spencer A. Psychology principles in practice . Austin, 2003. 4. Textbook. Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. Ed. Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 5 October 2005. 18 November 2016. . Tourettes Syndrome. Ed. Sussex Publishers. 1 july 2016. Sussex Publishers. 1 december 2016. . s/tourette-syndrome-fact-sheet/>. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/symptoms-causes/dxc-20163624 tourettes and the biological theory

Emerson - Self - Reliance :: Free Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance†, he states that being an individual comes from trusting yourself and being honest with the person you are inside. He describes how a person is and becomes an individual by explaining all the different parts that consist of an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be an individual you have to have trust in yourself. You need to accept the person that you truly are inside. Everyone is born possessing everything they need to become an individual; you just need to learn how to utilize the things you have. Without trust in yourself you cannot be an individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An individual must be a non-conformist. There is no one who can tell you what is wrong or right. What is right, are things that follow your own beliefs and values, and what is wrong are the things that are against them. If the rest of the world sees your actions as wrong, it shouldn’t matter as long as what you do is true to yourself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actions you take should be the only things your concerned with, and not what other people think around you. Knowing this is the difference from being a great man and an inferior one because there will always be people who think they know what is best for you. It is easy to follow the trends of the world and it is just as easy to be an individual all by yourself. The difficult task to accomplish is to be an individual among the people of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ridicule and criticism from others should not affect you. Their ridiculing will come and go, but what you do and what you think will stay with you forever. They are not the ones that need to live with your decisions, so they shouldn’t affect they way you make them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone expects people to be consistent. To be consistent is to be predictable, which is exactly what people want.

Rhetorical Analysis Ap

Rhetorical Analysis Essay: 2008 AP Question 2 John M. Barry argues that scientists need to embrace uncertainty within the passage; he asserts that they need the courage and will to overcome the intimidating uncertainty of exploring new fields. With an honest and clear tone Barry highlights the divide between certainty and uncertainty in the passage, discussing the importance of â€Å"pioneers†, individuals who are willing to adventure into the unexplored to further their researches.Courage and wit are indeed two crucial factors for the biologists, chemists, and engineers of today to further develop science; it is important to â€Å"probe† the unknown in order to search for answers, and it is important to embrace failure instead of fearing it, for mistakes and faults help in perfecting research techniques. In The Great Influenza, Barry employs extended metaphor, repetition, and juxtaposition to deliver his message on the need for scientists to explore the unknown.Extended metaphor is used to highlight the intimidation brought from exploring undiscovered aspects of science, furthering her argument that researchers require courage. Barry claims that â€Å"real scientists† are â€Å"on the frontier† and must therefore â€Å"deal with the unknown† and develop â€Å"tools and techniques needed to clear the wilderness†.He describes the harshness and fear-inspiring nature of conducting foreign and novel experiments by comparing it to a â€Å"frontier†, describing it as the â€Å"unknown† and the â€Å"wilderness†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"frontier† connotes a barren landscape, insinuating the vast and unexplored characteristic of performing ambitious researches, and â€Å"unknown† and â€Å"wilderness† imply fear and intimidation, deterring scientists away from furthering their hypothesis. In doing this Barry emphasizes that courage is a crucial requirement for scientists to have in developing science.Furthermore, Barry mentions â₠¬Å"shovel†, â€Å"pick†, and â€Å"dynamite† as examples of â€Å"tools one needs†. All of the utilities are used for grating and arduous purposes, which furthers the idea that scientists â€Å"must create . . . everything†; scientists must work diligently and face the challenges they are given with perseverance; to execute successful experiments one must preserver in the face of failure by utilizing whatever means of tools that is available, and by connecting this to the â€Å"wilderness† and â€Å"frontier† at the beginning, Barry suggests that scientists might be afraid of this ailure and onerous work. The extended metaphor portrayed the larger idea that scientists must be courageous in dealing with unexplored areas and topics.Repetition was used to enforce the precarious nature of exploring new areas, insinuating that doing so required a strong mentality by researchers. Barry contends that even a â€Å"single laboratory findingâ⠂¬  can destroy a seemingly monumental belief, saying that it â€Å"can also take one off a cliff†, while arguing that it is also beneficial in that it â€Å"can take them through the looking glass into a world that seems entirely different . . crystal to precipitate an order†. In repeating â€Å"single† and describing many effects that can arise from it, Barry reasons that even a small, isolated finding can destroy a monumental belief that had been upheld for a long time, and that scientists must readily acknowledge this. He also repeats the notion of fragility in using â€Å"sharp edge†, â€Å"glass†, and â€Å"crystal†, implying that new experiments are delicately balanced; he contends that such a brittle nature by intimidate scientists.Barry introduces obstacles that must be overcome by scientists not only through a smart mind, but also through a daring heart. By juxtaposing the two mentalities of following a pre-established road and pi oneering a new one, Barry argues that scientists need to have an adventurous and brave spirit to truly expand the horizons of current models and research techniques. He contrasts â€Å"Certainty† and â€Å"Uncertainty†, describing the former as â€Å"strength† and â€Å"something upon which to lean†, while distinguishing the latter as â€Å"weakness† and â€Å"mak[ing] one tentative if not fearful†.From the very onset Barry describes two very different paths that scientists are faced with in facing â€Å"certainty† and â€Å"uncertainty†. These two significant but strikingly different ideas are posed as the difference between comfort and fear, and Barry argues that scientists need to push themselves into stepping into â€Å"uncertainty† and facing the possibility of disproving their own hypothesis, or the possibility of using the wrong equipment, or even the possibility of making a crucial mistake in order to further dev elop not only science but also their own research techniques.Barry conveys his argument that scientists must overcome the obstacle of â€Å"uncertainty† and must be willing to embrace the fear that entails it through juxtaposing the two ideas of â€Å"uncertainty† and â€Å"certainty†. Through using extended metaphor and repetition to highlight the stark and intimidating conditions of conducting innovative experiments, and juxtaposition to emphasize how the difficult obstacles to overcome, Barry reasons that scientists not only need intellectual curiosity and bright wit, but also a courageous and adventurous spirit.Today education is emphasizing on spoon-feeding children; it teaches children what to think, not how to think; standardized exams pressure students into abiding by â€Å"proven† methods, and creativity and critical thinking are left in the back seat. Barry’s dissertation on the necessary qualities of a scientist indirectly but gratingly points out this flaw within the system, admonishing us that at this rate there will be a lack of â€Å"investigators† or â€Å"pioneers† in the future.

How to Hide the Tabs of the TPageControl Delphi Control

How to Hide the Tabs of the TPageControl Delphi Control The TPageControl Delphi control displays a set of pages used to make a multiple-page dialog box. Each page - a tab sheet - hosts its own controls. The user selects a page (makes it visible) by clicking the page’s tab that appears at the top of the control. Hiding PageControl Tabs If you need to create a wizard-like user interface where you have Next and Previous buttons appearing to move a user forward and backward through a set of pages (dialogs), hide the tabs of the PageControl and thus disallow selecting a particular page by means of the users mouse. The trick is in setting the TabVisible property to false for each of the sheets (TTabSheet object) of the page control. Activating the page by using either the ActivePage or the ActivePageIndex PageControl properties will not raise the OnChange and OnChanging events. To programmatically set the active page, use the SelectNextPage method: Â  //Hide PageControl Tabsvarpage : integer;beginfor page : 0 to PageControl1.PageCount - 1 dobeginPageControl1.Pages[page].TabVisible : false;end;//select the first tabPageControl1.ActivePageIndex : 0;(*Or set Active Page directlyPageControl1.ActivePage : TabSheet1;Note: the above two do NOT raise theOnChanging and OnChange events*)end;procedure TForm1.PageControl1Changing(Sender: TObject;var AllowChange: Boolean) ;begin//no change if on the last pageAllowChange : PageControl1.ActivePageIndex -1 PageControl1.PageCount;end;//Select Previous Tabprocedure TForm1.PreviousPageButtonClick(Sender: TObject) ;beginPageControl1.SelectNextPage(false,false) ;end;//Select Next Tabprocedure TForm1.NextPageButtonClick(Sender: TObject) ;beginPageControl1.SelectNextPage(true,false) ;end; Using this technique will de-clutter the form, leading to a more streamlined interface, but ensure that the arrangement of controls on each tab doesnt force the user to move frequently between tabs.

Careers in Criminal Justice Essay Example

Careers in Criminal Justice Essay Example Careers in Criminal Justice Essay Careers in Criminal Justice Essay Manuel A. Ventura CJ101 Intro to Criminal Justice KGA #1 Instructor: George L. Hicks, MAB 11/09/2010 TA KGA #1 CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE In the following paper I will be showing you some careers in the Criminal justice field, their job description, requirements, and some other information needed to make up your mind and decide what career you want to do for the rest of your life. These are three of the many careers you can follow. FBI SPECIAL AGENT PART 1 Education You must possess a four-year degree from an accredited college or university Entry level position No, you need to have a minimum of three years of professional work experience. Credentials needed None aside from the four-year degree Additional requirements FBI Academy The hiring criteria includes physical fitness, polygraph, background check, oral and writhing communication skills and psychological, evaluations. Whit this job is more than likely to be relocated to a different city or even a different state, depending on were they need more field agents. PART 2 What got me interested about this career field is the fact hat my career goal is to become a criminal profiler for the FBI and becoming a special agent is the stepping stone to becoming a profiler. The working conditions are rough it involves a lot of traveling and report writing but it also includes the excitement that in involves being a special agent for the FBI. The earnings vary depending on rank and experience the highest the rank the bigger paycheck you will receive. BAILLIFF PART 1 A Bailiff you will provide security and order in the court room. Education requirements â€Å"To become a Court Bailiff, you should have at least a high school diploma or GED. Supplemental training, either at a 2- or 4-year college, vocational school, or police academy will be an asset in pursuing a position as a Court Bailiff. †(Education Portal, Par 2) Entry level position No you need to complete the police academy in order to be accepted as a Bailiff. The hiring criteria includes physical fitness, polygraph, background check, oral and writhing communication skills and psychological, evaluations. PART 2 I chose this career field because being in the court room as a Bailiff is really interesting because you get to see the stories that the witnesses, the plaintiff and the defendants bring to the court. The working conditions are good you do not have to travel and you get holiday vacations. The earnings seem reasonable for this position the may vary from 18 dollars an hour to 32 dollars an hour. CORRECTIONS OFFICER PART 1 Guard inmates through their daily routine and make sure there are no disturbances. Education requirements High school diploma Entry level position â€Å"This entry-level training program requires applicants to complete a 16-week training academy and a 2-year, 3,600-hour apprenticeship within the California prison system. †¦ Be at least 21 years of age, have U. S. citizenship, be physically fit and have a clean felony-free criminal record that permits the carry and use of a firearm†(Education Portal 2, Par 3) The hiring criteria includes physical fitness, polygraph, background check, oral and writhing communication skills and psychological, evaluations. PART 2 I chose this career field because this will be a great stepping stone towards obtaining experience in the criminal justice field, and being able to accomplish my goal of becoming an FBI profiler. The working conditions are good you do not have to travel and you get holiday vacations. The earnings seem reasonable for this position $3,050 a month while attending the Basic Correctional Officer Academy, $3,774 a month with successful completion of the Basic Correctional Officer Academy and you could earn up to $6,144. 0 a month. Works cited Education Portal http://education-portal. com/articles/Court_Bailiff_Job_Duties_and_Requirements_for_Becoming_a_Cou rt_Bailiff. html 10/30/2010 Education Portal 2 http://education-portal. com/california_correctional_officer. html 10/30/2010 California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation cdcr. ca. gov/Career_Opportunities/por/docs/payandbenefits. pdf 10/30/2010

Steve Jobs management style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steve Jobs management style - Essay Example Unlike most successful managers, Steve Jobs was not famous for his approach of consensus building or consultation. For the most part, he could be defined as a high-maintenance coworker that required the staff to show excellence in their work. Steve Jobs was famous for offering blunt criticism. The sheer genius of Steve Jobs together with his skill of bringing the investors, customers, and staff members on the same journey and of articulating a vision as well as the lessons he learnt from a main setback in his career took his management style to a level where it has gained global recognition for success. The main qualities that helped Steve Jobs achieve a unique style of management and leadership included but were not limited to vision-mindedness, drive for innovation, foresightedness, passion-mindedness, and drive for engagement and excellence. In order for a company to be successful, it is imperative that all of its employees are well-versed with the vision of its management. Steve Jobs placed emphasis upon recruiting innovative people who had a drive to create something out of nothing. Steve Jobs selected applicants for their willingness to create. Apple’s employees are driven by the vision of the leader. Each employee is owner of the market’s future because of their knowledge of their ability to create it. Steve Jobs looked for passion-mindedness in the employees. â€Å"Applicants who do not demonstrate a genuine passion and â€Å"love† for the company’s purposes and business philosophy will never make it† (Valtin, 2012). Jobs placed a lot of e mphasis on excellence. One very important lesson that can be learnt from Steve Jobs’s style of leadership and management is that one should never give up no matter how hard the circumstances. Rather than being affected by his getting fired from Apple in a negative way, he drew positive lessons out of it as it reflects from this statement that he made, â€Å"I didnt see it then, but it turned out

20th Century Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

20th Century Humanities - Essay Example Artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque challenged the conventional methods of painting in perspective that was practised since the Renaissance. They came up with a new way of seeing things in the modern age, known as Cubism and it was the first form of Abstract Art. As the phenomenon of Cubism moved on to other parts of the Europe, it took different forms and names e.g. Futurism in Italy and Expressionism in Germany. In this way, Art took on different forms and names as new concepts developed and artists from different regions of the world contributed to the development and evolution of Art. This is a continual process that has moved on from the Twentieth century to the Twenty-first century. Hence, the importance of 20th century Art cannot be refuted, as the foundations of contemporary and future art have their roots back there. The Twentieth Century is also phenomenal in the development of cross-cultural art, which is the basis of globalization today. The invincible barriers between different cultures were broken down and the cultural values were assimilated; thus the cultural scene took on a new shape. Harlem Renaissance was one such phenomenon during the 1920’s when the African-American culture found new definition and dimension. It heralded the liberation of the oppressed and suppressed Negroes and they discovered new ways of self expression. This is exactly what the world shall desire in the future- liberation of man and assimilation of cultures in order to give birth to a global culture. For the first time in history, an attempt was made in developing a universal culture to promote harmony and encourage mutual cooperation. For those who look forward to the developments in arts and literature in the future can understand the relationship between man, society and Arts by studying 20th Century Humanities.

Financing The short Term Obligations of the Business (BMW vs Mercedes) Assignment

Financing The short Term Obligations of the Business (BMW vs Mercedes) - Assignment Example Since these finances are obtained for short terms, therefore they are required to be paid back to the lenders earlier in comparison with the long-term finances. Thus obtaining short term finance for business gives rise to short term obligations, and these short term obligations may include short term loans, amounts owed to the suppliers of the business, amounts owed to other parties to whom payments have to be made but have not been paid yet, accrued expenses which also include payments to be made to third parties for their services provided to the business entity. The payment of the short-term obligations is an area of concern for every business enterprise. Considering the available resources of liquid cash reserves, a business entity may opt to finance its short-term obligations by releasing some cash, which serves the purpose. On the other hand, if the cash reserves available with the company are not considered to be sufficient for the purpose of paying of short-term obligations, the company may chose to consider other options for financing such obligations (Besley and Brigham 2005). This report presents an analysis of the financing of short-term obligations for BMW and Mercedes. ... BMW’s short term liabilities comprise of provisions for different obligations for personnel and social expenses, short term income tax liabilities, financial liabilities which include bonds, commercial papers, liabilities towards banks, assets backed financing, derivative instruments and others. In addition to this, other liabilities include short-term obligations relating to advance received from customers, amounts payable to customers and to other companies and social security (BMW 2010). On the other hand, the short term obligations for Mercedes include short term notes, bonds, commercial papers, payables to financial institutions, liabilities from ABS transactions, liabilities arising from finance lease and other short term loans or financing facilities (Daimler 2010). There is no particular disclosures made by both the companies in the financial statements and the related notes, nor there is any other information through which it can be predicted that what are the financi ng techniques being used by the companies under consideration to pay off their short term obligations. However, it can be argued that the financial statements of both the companies do not show any particular financing source which may regarded to as meeting the short term obligations. Therefore, it can be stated that in order to pay off their short-term obligations, both the companies are making use of the cash held by them and through the finance obtained by sources mentioned under current liabilities head. Liquidity and Efficiency Analysis Considering the financial information presented in the financial statements of BMW and Mercedes, following liquidity and efficiency ratios are calculated: Company BMW Mercedes   Liquidity Ratios 2010 2009 2010 2009 Current Ratio 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.14 Quick

60s America Through Images Essay Example for Free

60s America Through Images Essay The 1960s proved a tumultuous time for the United States in how there were so many historical developments in the mere space of a decade. Throughout the 60s Americans experienced and witnessed many events such as war, civil rights campaigns and protests, assassinations, technological developments and the emergence of a popular culture and counterculture. Photography came to the fore at the start of the 20th century and a huge emphasis was put on the visual to experience culture. The historical developments of the 60s can be seen clearly through the visual culture as they portray the historical events of the time through the medium of imagery. With the growing popularization of television, imagery could be rapidly distributed to each home and this is one of the main reasons that visual culture had such a profound effect on those who witnessed the events portrayed. â€Å"By the end of the decade 90% of Americans had access to television sets† this staggering amount of led to a high level of influence though reception of imagery. For instance when we look at the portrayal of the typical American family one would often see an image of a close-knit family sitting together watching television. In the space of a decade from the 1950s television was incorporated in the American family (see fig. 1. ). Pictures such as this defined the family of the late 50s early 60s and incorporated the television into American families. With the television being a vital part of family life there was a constant flow of imagery available for the family to view. We can clearly see through images such as this that the US population began to regularly consume what the television provided. The photograph captures the importance television as a family pastime and how it gradually became the main focus of family time. Therefore we can see that the visual culture through the media such as television, newspapers and the images they provided to the population had a serious impact on historical developments of the 1960s. Information was constantly received by the population usually alongside images of events and the visual culture affected the historical developments of the 60s in how it influenced reactions to events. It is also evident that visual culture heavily influenced the 1960s due to the amount of images and videos from the time that are still available for viewing today. Figure 1. Everett F. Baumgardner. Family watching Television. 1958. Photograph. Nation Archives and Records of Administration. http://web. archive. org/web/20071226081329/teachpol. tcnj. edu/amer_pol_hist/thu mbnail427. htm One of the most important events to happen in the 1960s which greatly affected the US was its part of was the Vietnamese War. The war had a vital part in the 60s decade as it spanned through the whole of the 60s up until 1975. The war was the first of its kind as it was reported in great detail through television and newspapers. Essentially the Vietnam War and visual culture of the time went hand in hand as the relationship between the two was constant throughout the 60s. For over a decade people could get a visual insight into the war which had never been available before and many believe this is one of the main reasons that the US lost the war. President Lyndon seen this and argued that â€Å"if the previous wars had been televised, the United States would not have preserved in fighting them. Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman would have lost support for their policies even as he lost support for his, forcing the abandonment of his campaign for his re-election. † It was due to the constant visual bombardment of the ugly realities of war on the US people that turned them against the war and forced many to protest the war (fig. 2 and fig. 3). Figure 2. Horst Faas. A father holds the body of a child. 1964. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ . Figure3. Horst Faas. Lt. Col. George Eyster of Florida. 1966. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ Photographers such as Horst Fass gained their reputation for showing the horrors of the Vietnamese war through their photographs. Faas captured some of the most controversial photographs that showed the suffering of both sides of the war. When we look at these photos we can see the influence of the Vietnamese War on the visual culture of the United States. Pictures such as these were received on a daily basis and they dominated the decade visually becoming some of the most well known images from the 60s and the war itself. The graphic pictures show the ugly side of the Vietnamese War and photographs such as the father clutching his daughter’s body in front of soldiers dealt with the death of civilians while the photo of injured soldiers showed frailty of US troops. At the time these photographs seen showed the truth about the war and Fass would go on to win a Pulitzer Prize for his work in Vietnam. When we look these images it is clear that both reflect on the dark chaos of the war and the ugly realities which the civilian population had never seen before. The visual culture greatly affected the population’s war morale as it provided frail images of US soldiers either dead or wounded something which was not shown in previous wars. The reporting of the Second World War and the Korean War was different in that it was filtered with most hearing reports through radio broadcasts and newspapers which were controlled by the government. By the 60s there had been major developments in media reporting in that they had become more liberated. By the 60s multiple channels were emerging with their own news reporters providing multiple stories and recounts of different parts of the war. Therefore there was a vast increase in the amount of broadcasts and images being sent into the American homes greatly influencing a majority of the population. With photographers such as Faas working in Vietnam and capturing images showing innocent civilians being killed the United States population saw an unseen side to its army throughout the Vietnamese war as the army was shown in a very negative view. It can clearly be seen that photographers such as Faas greatly influenced the visual culture of the US throughout the 60s and these images had a significant impact in historical developments leading to the war effort becoming unpopular and encouraging anti war efforts. Figure 4. Ron Haeberle. My Lai Massacre. 1968. Photograph. Available at Life Magazine. Vol. 67. No. 23 . The negative view of the US army was perhaps most emphasised in the My Lai massacre in 1968. Throughout past wars the US army was seen as a symbol of justice and a manifestation of the good in that they were fighting to save the world but with the emergence of images and reports of events such as the Mai Lai Massacre there morality and ethics were questioned. Some even compared the US army to the Germans of World War Two in their way of psychologically thinking. â€Å"Two researchers concluded that Americans were deflecting the responsibility with the same defence mechanism the Germans used to rationalize the Holocaust. † The photography which emerged from the massacre by Ron Haeberle shocked the world and spurred many of the US into protesting against the war. (Fig4. Here we can clearly see why many considered comparing the US army’s actions to that of the German holocaust, the brutality and graphic detail which Haeberle’s photos captured had never been so widely distributed before. The terror on the faces or the sheer number of bodies appearing in some of the images had not been captured on camera before and these pictures were seen by thousands when they were published in magazines such as Life and greatly affected the visual culture intake of the American population. These particular photos had a huge influence on historical developments later in the war such as the protests and the investigations into what happened in the war. From looking at images such as photographs taken from the 1960s we can clearly see that the Vietnam had a huge influence on visual culture at the time and visual culture that would later emerge in the 70s. This was due to the fact that the war took up so many aspects of American life as it was a constant through the entire decade of the 60s. Regular exposure to the ugly realities of battle is thought to have turned the public against the war, forcing withdrawal of American troops and leaving the way clear for eventual Communist victory. †The visual culture was hugely influenced by the Vietnam War in the 60s it was mostly through photography and videos shown to the public by the media but later it influenced visual culture through art such as sculpture and painting. After the war ended in 1975 countless memorials were erected and many artists were inspired by the photographs this is evident in the sculpture The Three Soldiers Memorial sculpted in 1984 by Frederick Hart displayed in Washington. From looking at the Vietnam War throughout the 60s it is evident that it influenced the future of the visual culture as much as the visual culture influenced the developments of the war. The 60s decade can be defined as a decade of social revolution within the US. Many different causes gained strength and a massive following through their protests to further their cause. During this decade many protested for different reasons such as anti-war campaigners and those looking for the equal rights. There were movements for many different causes such as the African American civil rights movement, Hispanic and Chicano movement and the Gay Rights movement. For example with the Vietnamese War came protests against the war throughout the 60s. Those who were influenced by the atrocities shown in reports and images sent from Vietnam protested avidly throughout the 60s hence we can say the visual culture of the US had a great influence on the historical developments of the 60s, However although in the 60s protesting became very popular it was introduced through the Civil Rights movements in the late fifties early 60s and its idea of peaceful protesting. The 60s became a time associated with protest due to the vast amounts of protests staged for different reasons throughout the 60s. One of the major protest movements of the 60s was the Civil Rights Movement. These protests initially started in the late 50s but peaked in the 60s and were a catalyst of many other protests in the 60s. Those who protested for civil rights did so in a peaceful way and this greatly influenced the other protests such as the anti-war protests. Once again we can see that the visual culture through the medium of photography greatly influenced the development of these protests. Once again the population of the US was provided with images shocking to behold. The most influential case is perhaps the protest in Birmingham Alabama in 196 where the police reacted with unneeded violence. â€Å"Many argue that the dramatic clashes between nonviolent civil rights demonstrators and southern law enforcement in Birmingham and Selma were the principle impetus behind the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, respectively. † Photographers of the time captured the violence of the police force and once again widely distributed and impacted on the community causing widespread support for the movement. When we look at what photographers such as Bill Hudson and Bob Adelman captured in their photographs we can see why the visual culture had such an impact on the historical developments regarding the Civil Rights Movement (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The image of the youth being attacked by the police dog is very harrowing and controversial, through this image the US seen the severity of racism and its unneeded violence. This photo became a huge part of the visuality of the Civil Rights Campaign’s attempt to gain support from the rest of the US population due to the severity of the photo and how controversial it was. Meanwhile Hudson’s photo of the protestors grouping together to take cover from water cannons can be seen as a symbol of unification of the protestors against the oppression of the police force and the city of Birmingham. There are countless images such as these two that were taken from the Birmingham Campaign This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured in photography and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to desegregation and equal opportunity for the coloured population. This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other coloured people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured through the photographers and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to the gradual desegregation of the US and eventual equal opportunity for the coloured population. Figure 5. Bill Hudson. Birmingham Protest. 1963. Photograph. Available at Iconic photos http://iconicphotos. wordpress. om/2010/06/26/birmingham/. Figure6. Bob Adelman. Ingram Park Birmingham. 1963. Photograph. Available at J. Paul Getty Museum. http://www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=258562 . The Civil Rights Movement provided an example of peaceful protest which became a popular way of protesting throughout the 60s. The social group which held a majority of the protests at the time were third level students . â€Å"From the civil rights demonstrations of the early sixties, students have turned to protest both the war in Vietnam and the policies of their schools. It is no exaggeration to give college students credit for making Vietnam a national issue. †They were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and based their protests on the same ideology in peaceful protests. The 60s were a time of constant protest for students. The issues of the student protest movements range from racial discrimination, the war on poverty, and the war in Vietnam, to particular policies of the universities. However it was the anti- war protests that spurred the most conflict between the students and the authorities. The visual culture made impressions in developing the protests through the use of printing presses as seeing photos such as Faas’ or Adelman’s spurred the student bodies into action. With the emergence of the My Lai massacre and other such atrocities protests escalated to a climax at the end of the 60s with the Columbia University protests of 1968. Students discovered that the university was secretly affiliated with the Department of Defence’s weapon research and openly protested this affiliation with occupying university buildings and this eventually led to their violent removal. However it was this violence by the authorities that increased support for the protestors. â€Å"In his study of the Columbia Crisis in the spring of 1968, Barton (1968) found that the use of excessive police force against demonstrators had the effect of increasing the sympathy of faculty and students for the tactics (a sit-in and a general strike) employed by the demonstrators. † This violence recorded through the news and photographs once again captivated the US and encouraged many to take part in the protests (Fig. 7). The imagery taken from the by photographers such as Morris captured the harsh measures the authorities and when these pictures were published in newspapers and magazines people began to empathize with the protestors. It is evident in each movement that the media greatly influenced the historical developments through imagery such as photography. Through photography and the media it can be said that the visual culture impacted the outcome of many movements such as the African-American civil rights movements, the anti-war protests and the gradual end of the war. Figure 7. Larry C. Morris. Police forcing Columbia Students out. 968. Photograph. Available at The New York Times. Imagery was a huge part of protests throughout the 60s through photographs of the events but other visuals emerged with the protestor’s use of posters. With the gradual growth of homemade printing presses simple yet colourful posters began to emerge at protests. At protests there was a constant bombardment of simple yet very controversial. The poster entitled ‘it’s the real thing for S. E. Asia’ was simple, eye catching and precise the bright colour of the posters caught bystander’s eyes and presented its argument outwardly in the face of the public (Figure 8. . Posters such as the ‘it’s the real thing for S. E Asia’ were a common site at protests against Vietnam and mocked capitalism and the military tactics that were employed during the time. These protests were against the stupidity and brutality of the war emerged in the early 60s with controversial posters such as this one becoming a more common sight. Anti-war protests provided the majority of the controversial posters as they attempted to highlight the problems with the war. By nature these posters